#include <iostream>


// Function prototype for a function that takes an integer argument by value and increments it

void increment(int x);


int main() {

  int num = 5;


  // Call the increment function

  std::cout << "Before calling the increment function, num = " << num << std::endl;

  increment(num);

  std::cout << "After calling the increment function, num = " << num << std::endl;


  return 0;

}


// Definition of the increment function

void increment(int x) {

  x++;

  std::cout << "Inside the increment function, x = " << x << std::endl;

}

output : 

Before calling the increment function, num = 5
Inside the increment function, x = 6
After calling the increment function, num = 5